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声学综合无损检测技术

陈积懋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 64-69

摘要：

论述了检测复合材料和胶接结构不连续（缺陷）的新型多模综合无损检测技术。该技术以声与超声检测技术为基础，包含五种不同检测模式，用以检测复合材料与胶接结构的失粘、脱粘、分层、疏松、夹芯压皱及其他缺陷。它适用于复合材料与构件的制造、维修和使用现场。它的适用对象范围广泛，几乎覆盖了现有常用的复合材料和胶接结构。它的检测可靠性高，重复精度好。文章还讨论了组成多膜声学综合胶接检测仪的五种不同检测模式的原理，并从我们和国内外同行的大量实践经验出发，说明了综合无损检测技术的巨大发展前景。

关键词：声学综合检测综合无损检测复合材料无损检测机械阻抗分析振动分析共振检测

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Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of concrete for optimum sand to aggregate volume ratio

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1400-1414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0779-8

摘要： Aggregates are the biggest contributor to concrete volume and are a crucial parameter in dictating its mechanical properties. As such, a detailed experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of sand-to-aggregate volume ratio (s/a) on the mechanical properties of concrete utilizing both destructive and non-destructive testing (employing UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) measurements). For investigation, standard cylindrical concrete samples were made with different s/a (0.36, 0.40, 0.44, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.56), cement content (340 and 450 kg/m³), water-to-cement ratio (0.45 and 0.50), and maximum aggregate size (12 and 19 mm). The effect of these design parameters on the 7, 14, and 28 d compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and UPV of concrete were assessed. The careful analysis demonstrates that aggregate proportions and size need to be optimized for formulating mix designs; optimum ratios of s/a were found to be 0.40 and 0.44 for the maximum aggregate size of 12 and 19 mm, respectively, irrespective of the W/C (water-to-cement) and cement content.

关键词： aggregates non-destructive testing sand-to-aggregate volume ratio (s/a) maximum aggregate size (MAS)

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Evolution of humic substances in polymerization of polyphenol and amino acid based on non-destructive

Jianmei Zou, Jianzhi Huang, Huichun Zhang, Dongbei Yue

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1297-y

摘要： Abstract • Humification evolution was identified with non-destructive characterization method. • Humification process from precursors to fulvic and humic acid was confirmed. • MnO2 alone had limited oxidation ability to form HA. • MnO2 played a key role as a catalyst to transform FA to HA in the presence of O2. • MnO2 could affect the structure of the humification products. Abiotic humification is important in the formation and evolution of organic matter in soil and compost maturing processes. However, the roles of metal oxides in abiotic humification reactions under micro-aerobic remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to use non-destructive measurement methods to investigate the role of MnO2 in the evolution of humic substances (HSs) during oxidative polymerization of polyphenol-amino acid. Our results suggested a synergistic effect between MnO2 and O2 in promoting the polymerization reaction and identified that MnO2 alone had a limited ability in accelerating the transformation of fulvic acid (FA) to humic acid (HA), whereas O2 was the key factor in the process. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) showed that the evolution in the UV-vis spectra followed the order of 475–525 nm>300–400 nm>240–280 nm in the humification process, indicating the formation of simple organic matter followed by FA and then HA. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analysis revealed that the products under both air and N2 conditions in the presence of MnO2 had greater amounts of aromatic-C than in the absence of MnO2, demonstrating that MnO2 affected the structure of the humification products. The results of this study provided new insights into the theory of abiotic humification.

关键词： Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) Humic substances (HSs) Humification Manganese dioxide Polyphenol

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Progress in terahertz nondestructive testing: A review

Shuncong ZHONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 273-281 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0495-9

摘要： Terahertz (THz) waves, whose frequencies range between microwave and infrared, are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A gap exists in THz literature because investigating THz waves is difficult due to the weak characteristics of the waves and the lack of suitable THz sources and detectors. Recently, THz nondestructive testing (NDT) technology has become an interesting topic. This review outlines several typical THz devices and systems and engineering applications of THz NDT techniques in composite materials, thermal barrier coatings, car paint films, marine protective coatings, and pharmaceutical tablet coatings. THz imaging has higher resolution but lower penetration than ultrasound imaging. This review presents the significance and advantages provided by the emerging THz NDT technique.

关键词： terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) nondestructive testing (NDT) composite material thermal barrier coating

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破坏性地震是可以预测的——孕震物理模型及临震信号

孙威

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第7期页码 7-17

摘要：

讨论地震前兆有它自已的孕震物理模型，地震孕育全过程分为加载、相持、卸载、短临和临震５个阶段；多次震例证明，破坏性地震的孕震物理模型是会重复和再现的；提出了追踪地震前兆信息，循序渐进预报地震的分析方法，对地震预报的阶段性进行了实用性的划分，有希望实现对破坏性地震的预报。

关键词：破坏性地震孕震物理模型临震信号地震前兆

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Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures

Kaoshan DAI, Zhenhua HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 240-256 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0172-8

摘要： Performing full-scale structural testing is an important methodology for researchers and engineers in the civil engineering industry. Full scale testing helps the researchers understand civil infrastructures’ loading scenarios, behaviors, and health conditions. It helps the engineers verify, polish, and simplify the structural design and analysis theories. To conduct a full-scale structural testing, sensors are used for data acquisitions. To help structural researchers and engineers get familiar with sensing technologies and select the most effective sensors, this study reviewed and categorized new sensing techniques for full-scale structural testing applications. The researchers of this study categorized sensors used for civil-infrastructure testing into traditional contact sensors and remote sensors based upon their application methodologies, and into cabled sensors and wireless sensors based upon their data communication strategies. The detailed descriptions of wireless sensors and remote sensing techniques and their on-site full-scale applications are presented.

关键词： sensing technique full-scale testing wireless sensor remote sensing LiDAR laser vibrometer

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Permeability testing of drilling core sample from pavement

WANG Suda, TANG Zhengguang, NING Xiaojun, WU Peiguan, XING Pingyi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 391-394 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0045-3

摘要： The permeability coefficient of pavement material is a very important parameter in designing the drainage of pavement structures and is also used to evaluate the quality of road construction. New equipment is used to measure the permeability coefficient of the pavement drilling core sample and relevant testing methods are introduced. Testing drilling core samples from a certain highway of Yunnan province has been proven to be feasible. The test results are also analyzed.

关键词： province material feasible permeability coefficient equipment

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Shaking table testing of hard layered soil-pile-structure interaction system

LI Peizhen, REN Hongmei, LU Xilin, SONG Heping, CHEN Yueqing

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0046-7

摘要： Shaking table tests on a dynamic interaction system of hard layered soil, pile foundation and frame structure were carried out. The earthquake damage of the superstructure and foundation was reproduced. Based on these tests, several key issues about the seismic response of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) system were studied. The natural frequency of the system was less than that of the structure on rigid foundation if the SSI is not taken into account, while its damping ratio was larger than that of the structure. The mode shape of the system was different from that of the structure on the fixed base in that there were rocking and swinging at the foundation. Magnification or reduction of vibration transferred by soil was related to soil characteristic, excitation magnitude, and so on. Generally, sand magnifies vibration, while viscous powder soil dampens vibration. The components of the acceleration response at the top of the superstructure were based on the relative magnitude of the rocking stiffness, the swing stiffness of the foundation and the stiffness of the super-structure. The multi-direction excitations have little effect on the key issues of the horizontal SSI.

关键词： super-structure Generally Magnification frequency different

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Experimental monitoring of the strengthening construction of a segmental box girder bridge and field testing

Ali Fadhil NASER, Zonglin WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 308-320 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0140-3

摘要： Prestressed concrete segmental box girder bridges are composed of short concrete segments that are either precast or cast in situ and then joined together by longitudinally post-tensioning internal, external, or mixed tendons. The objectives of this study are to monitor the construction process of the external prestressing tendons to strengthen the bridge structure and perform a field load test to measure the strain and the deflection of the anchorage devices of the external prestressing tendons to determine the state of these devices after tension forces are applied. The monitoring process of the external prestressing tendons construction includes inspecting the cracks in the diaphragm anchorage and the deviation block devices before the tension forces are applied to the external tendons; measuring the deformation of the steel deviation cross beam during the tension process; measuring the deformation of the box girder after different levels of tension forces are applied; measuring the elongation of the external tendons in each level of the tension; and measuring the natural frequency of the external tendons after the tension process is complete. The results of the monitoring process show that the measured values of the deformation, the elongation, and the natural frequency meet the requirements. Therefore, there is no damage during the construction and the tensioning of the external prestressing tendons. A field load test is performed to the anchorage beam, the steel deviation block devices, and the steel deviation cross beam. The field load test results of the anchorage devices show that the values of the strains, the stresses, and the deflection are less than the respective allowable limit values in the requirements. Therefore, the anchorage devices have sufficient strength, and the working state is good after the tension forces are applied to the external prestressing tendons.

关键词： prestressed concrete box girder monitoring external tendons strain deflection

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Sulfidation/regeneration multicycle testing of nickel-modified ZnFe

Wei LI, Jinju GUO, Jiejie HUANG, Jiaotao ZHAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 435-440 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0506-9

摘要： A commercial metal oxide sorbent for the desulphurization of coal-derived gas requires high desulphurization reactivity, mechanical strength, ability to regenerate, and stability to endure many sulfidation-regeneration cycles. In this paper, the sulfur capacity and multiple cycles of a nickel-modified ZnFe O sorbent prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method were measured in a fixed-bed reactor at middle temperature of 300°C (sulfidation temperature) and 500°C (regeneration temperature). Also, the BET surface area, pore volume, average pore diameter and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the sorbent through multicycles were studied. Multicycle runs indicate that the sulfidation reactivity decreases slightly during the second cycle and keeps steady in the following cycles. The results indicate that the nickel-modified ZnFe O keeps high reactivity and structural stability in the multicycle testing of sulfidation/regeneration.

关键词： hot gas desulphurization nickel-modified ZnFe₂O₄ sulfidation/regeneration

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Steam turbine governor modeling and parameters testing for power system simulation

Ying LI, Chufeng PENG, Zenghui YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 198-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0004-2

摘要： The theoretical modeling, parameters test and model correction for a steam turbine (ST) governor are discussed. A set of ST Governor system model for power system simulation is created based on this research. A power system simulation for an actual power grid accident is conducted using this new model and the comparison between the simulation and actual data show that the results are satisfactory.

关键词： power system simulation ST governor system modeling parameters testing

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Vibration testing of a steel girder bridge using cabled and wireless sensors

Dapeng ZHU, Yang WANG, James BROWNJOHN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 249-258 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0113-y

摘要： Being able to significantly reduce system installation time and cost, wireless sensing technology has attracted much interest in the structural health monitoring (SHM) community. This paper reports the field application of a wireless sensing system on a 4-span highway bridge located in Wayne, New Jersey in the US. Bridge vibration due to traffic and ambient excitation is measured. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, a low-noise high-gain signal conditioning module is developed for the wireless sensing system. Nineteen wireless and nineteen cabled accelerometers are first installed along the sidewalk of two neighboring bridge spans. The performance of the wireless sensing system is compared with the high-precision cabled sensing system. In the next series of testing, 16 wireless accelerometers are installed under the deck of another bridge span, forming a 4 × 4 array. Operating deflection analysis is successfully conducted using the wireless measurement of traffic and ambient vibrations.

关键词： wireless sensing structural health monitoring (SHM) signal conditioning operating deflection analysis ambient vibration

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SOFC单电池测试方法

屠恒勇

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第2期页码 33-38

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）性能的测试结果能揭示材料和制备方法及其性能之间的复杂关系，确定燃料电池内部损耗的各种来源，并指导有关材料和制备技术的研发。在SOFC进入商业化发展的前期，测试方法的标准化有助于建立基础研究和开发研究间的有效和可靠联系，实现各研究机构所得测试结果的可比性，从而推动基础研究成果转化为现实的生产力。本文综述了国际上有关单电池标准测试系统的建立和步骤的制定以及测试结果报告的标准化，指出了在我国建立完善的SOFC发电技术标准体系的重要性和迫切性。

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池性能测试测试步骤标准化

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Field testing of geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported earth platforms constructed on soft soil

Qiangong CHENG,Jiujiang WU,Dongxue ZHANG,Fengping MA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 124-139 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0255-9

摘要： This paper is focused on the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported (GRCS) earth platforms in soft soil. By analyzing the data of a 15-month long field monitoring project, the bearing behavior and effectiveness of GRCS earth platforms are discussed in detail. It can be found that the soil arching is generated when the filling reaches a certain height. The measured pressure acting on the soil in the center of four piles was smaller than that acting on the soil between two piles. The elongation and the tension of the geogrid located in the soil between piles are both larger than the corresponding values on the pile top. The skin friction of piles is relatively small in the soil layer with low strength and the load transfer of the axial force in those layers is significant; meanwhile, the opposite situation occurs in the soil layer with high strength. The pore water pressure at shallow locations increases slightly with the filling height and is greatly affected by the increasing filling load. The layered settlement is directly proportional to the filling height, and the corresponding amount is relevant to the locations and the properties of specific soil layers. Additionally, the lateral displacement of the embankment increases with greater loading and decreases with increased depth. These suggest that the use of GRCS system can reduce lateral displacements and enhance the stability of an embankment significantly.

关键词： geosynthetic-reinforced and column-supported (GRCS) earth platforms soft soil bearing behavior settlement and deformation field testing